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i 5 Sheets- Sheet 3. E. FRIEND. HYDRCARBGN MOTOR.

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Patented Deo. 3, 1895.

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HYDROCARBON MOTOR.

Patented Dec. 3, 1895.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN EDlYARI) FRIEND, OF (LUVLER, SOI'TII AUSTRALIA, ASSIGNOR T() JAMESMARTIX, OF SAME PLACE.

HYDROCARBON-MOTO R.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 550,785, dated December3, 1895.

Application filed February 9, 1893. Serial No. 461,601. (No model-lPatented in England February 6, 1893, No. 2,596.

.To all whom it may concern.-

e it known that I, .Ions EDWARD FRIEXD, engineer, a subject of the Queenof Great Britain and Ireland, formerly residing at Auckland, in theBritish Colony of New Zealand, butat present residing at Gawler, in theBritish Colony of South Australia, have invented an Improved IIyd rocarbon-M otor. (for which a patent has been obtained in England with myconsent by John Charles Lanyon through a communication to him from myassignee, James Martin, of the firm of Martin d Company, Limited, ofGawlcr, South Australia, dated February I?. 1893, No. 15mn) of which thefollowing is a spcciticat ion.

)Iy invention has relation to gas or vapor engines; and it has for itsobject certain improvements whereby the efficiency and durability of theengine are materially increased and whereby its function is renderedmore uniform and reliable, as will now be fully described, referencebeing had to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a sectionalelevation of a double-cylinder motor constructed according to thisinvention. Fig. :I is a sectional plan thereof. Fig. 3 is a sectionalelevation of a single-cylinder motor, showing the hydrocarbon-vaporizerin the bed-plate. Fig. l is a plan of a pair of double cylinders,showing the pipe and valve attachments. Fig. 5 is an end view ofthe pairof double cylinders, showing section of throttle- 'alve and arrangementand construction of admission and passover valves. Fig. is a sectionalplan of a single cylinder, showing valve and pipe attachments. Fig. T isa cross-section of a single cylinder, taken through the combinedadmission and throttle valves.

Referring more particularly to Figs. l, 4, and 5, in which I haveillustrated my irrvention in its application to a twin-cylinder engine,it will be seen that the cylinders A A" have two interior diameters andare closed at each end by suitable heads a. and a', respectively. Thesmaller ends of the cylinders through which the combustion-chambers ofthe pistons move are jacketed, the annular space between the cylind( rsbeing divided by suitable partitions or ribs into three annular spacesor passages 7, 1.7', and II. The passages Il communica-te with theinterior of their respective cylinders through the medium ofadmission-ports h, t-he passage II of cylinder A being in communicationwith the outlet side of a casing G for a check or back-pressure valve,while the passage ll in cylinder A' communicates with the outlet side ofa casin g G' for a check or back-pressure valve, the inlet side of saidvalve-casings G and G' being connected through pipes or ducts l` and1:", rcspcctively, with the outlet side of a valvecasing E, containingrtwo admission or passover valves c and c'. (Shown in dotted lines inFig. 5.) The annular passages 1I' of thc two cylinders A and A are incommunication with the outlet side of valvc-casings K and K',respectively, for air-admission valves and with a duct or passage (Tf,Fig. 2. which passage F is in communication with the inlet side of thecasing I) for the main admission or throttle valve D', Fig. 5, while thepassages I communicate, like passages d', with thc outlet side ofvalve-casings I. and L', respectively, said casings containing each anair-admission valve, and with the interior of thc smaller end of theirrespective cylinders through exhaust-ports I, and with the inlet side ofa valve-casing for an exhaust-valve I". Fig. l.

The innerlarger ends of the cylinders A and A' communicate withvalve-casings and C' on one side of the admission-valves c and c",respectively, contained in said casings and shown in dotted lines inFig. 5, the said easings communicating with thc outlet side of thecasing D for the main or throttle valve D'bya three-way pipe D2, Fig. 5.The throttle-valve casing is further connected through a gas or vaporsupply pipe (F1, Fig. :2, leading to suitable distributing-pasages dx insaid valve-casing with a source of gas or vapor supply-as, for instance,with a vaporizer R, located adjacent to or on bed-plate of the engine,Fig. 3.

The pistons B and B' for cylinders A and A are of the hollow type,having two heads b and b', respectively, fitting the smaller and largerdiameters of their respective cylinders, the piston-rods )I of saidpistons being connected by rods X wit-h the crank-shaft U. As will beseen, the hollow pistons constitute the IOO combustion-chamber and areof such diameter relatively to the smaller diameter of their respectivecylinders as to leave an annular space or passage 73 between them andthe inner wall of such cylinders. The inner or larger piston-heads 1r'perform the function of pump-plungers, for purposes presently explained.

The operation of the described engine is as follows: Assuming thevarious parts to be in the position shown in Figs. 1 and i', and,further, assuming tha-t the engine has been at work, the air in passaged being heated by heat radiated from the cylinder andcombustion-chamber, and that a charge of hot air and gas is contained inthe larger end of cylinder A' in front of its piston, then if thecrank-shaft revolves in the direction of arrow on fly-wheel, Fig. 1, thepiston of cylinder A will move forward, forcing the charge intoPassover-valve casing E, thence through pipe or passage F, check-valvecasing G, passage Il, and inlet-ports l1 into the smaller end ofcylinder A. During this forward movement of the piston B air is drawninto passages d and d', and as said piston uncovers the exhaust-ports Ithe air in passage d or air and waste gases and products of combustionbehind the piston are expelled through exhaust-ports I and exhaust-valveI', while air is drawn into passage d' through port in air-valve casingK. As thc piston B commences its forward movement, the piston Bcommences to move backward, drawing in a charge of hot air and gas orvapor through valve-casing C and meeting, receiving, and finally orfully compressing the charge of hot air and gas or vapor forced into itscombustion-chamber by piston B', at the same time drawing air into spaced' through casing L for one of the air-admission valves, while theair-admission valve for casingK is closed, and as soon as the piston lreaches the limit of its backward motion the charge of hot air and gas,being then fully compressed, is ignited by any desirable or well-knownmeans, which I have deemed unnecessary to illustrate, the explosion ofthe charge driving the piston B forward, while piston moves backward,the described functions of said pistons being now reversed.

From the above description it will be seen that I obtain two impulses ateach complete revolution of the crank-shaft. 0n the other hand, thecombustion-chamber and the outer smaller portion of the cylinder arekeptat a compa rat ively-low temperature, while the radiated heat isutilized to a very great extent in heating the air drawn into space d',afterward combined with a gas or vapor. Furthermore, the arrangement ofthe valve system is such that the hot air and gas or vapor aresimultaneously drawn into a valve-casing, wherein they commingle beforebeing drawn as an explosive charge into the forward end of one of thecylinders. The forcible expulsion of the charge from the forward end ofone cylinder into the rea-r end of the other results not only in apartial compression, butalso in a further and more intimate admixt-ureor commingling of the air and gas or vapor, thereby increasing theexplosive effect.

I will now describe my invention in its application to a single-cylinderengine, reference being had to Figs. 3, 6, and the same letters ofreference being used to indicate like parts.

The cylinder A is shown as of three int-erior diameters, the piston Bhaving three piston-heads b b b2, said cylinder being open at its innerend and provided with the airpassages l and d", air-admission-valvecasings L K in communication with said passages, exhaust-valve casingand valve I' in communication with passage d, and passage di* incommunication with passage d through exhaust-ports I. In thisconstruction I combine the throttle and admission valve C D, Fig. 7,adapted to admit a charge of hot air and gas to the forward end of thecylinder A in rear of the outer or larger piston-head b', whence suchcharge is forced by the piston through pipe or passage E, check-valveeasing G, passage H, and admission-ports h into the rear end of cylinderA. The piston Bis directly connected with the crank-shaft O by means ofa connecting-rod N in a well-known manner.

In Fig. 3 I have illustrated a vaporizer or vapor-producer, consistingof a suit-able vessel R, along the bott-om of which is arranged anair-pipe P', having a vertical branch I2 extending outside of the vesseland being provided with an air-valve casing I of any suitableconstruction, avapor-pipe (Fl, open- .V

ing into the top of the vessel R, being connected with theadmission-valve casing at R', Fig. 7. The air-pipe P is of course aperforated pipe, and in order to preventhydrocarbon in a liquid statebeing drawn 01T with the vapor or gases I place over the pipe,preferably on a perforated supporting-plate, a suitable filter-bedadvantageously composed of layers of pumice-stone or other similarporous or spongy material alternated with layers of wool.

I will now describe one complete cycle of movements as performed by thesingle-cylinder motor, as shown in Figs. 3, 6, and

Assuming the various parts to be in the position shown in Fig. 3, thenif the crankshaft 0 is turned around in the direction indicated by thearrow on the ily-wheel the large end of the piston B in the cylinder Atravels forward and draws in a charge of mixed hydrocarbon gas and hotair through the combined throttle and admission valves (,which are indirect communication with the airvalve and air-passage d' and thehydrocarbon vapor or gas outlet pipe d2 on vaporizer, the hotair and gasmeeting and mixing within the throttle-valve casing. On the returnstroke of the piston the charge of gas and air contained in the cylinderbetween the large IIL head b of the piston and the middle head lf2 iscompressed and forced through the delivery-pipe E and the back-pressurevalve G into the combustion-chamber of vthe piston. lVhen the piston hastraveled back to the po sition shown in Fig. 6, ignition takes place andthe exploded gases expand, causing the ,piston to move forward and bymeans of the connecting-rod N give motion to the crankshaft t), thuscompleting the cycle of opera tions and obtaining one explosion orimpulso for every complete revolution of the crankshaft. The centerpiston-head b2. duringits reciprocating motion, forms "a wall for theprevention of the escape of the. mixture of gas and air into theexhaust-ohantber'dnring the period oi' compression, and' also performsthe functions of a pump-plunger, whereby cold nir is drawn into thecylinder through the air-valve L for the purpose of cooling the walls ofthe cylinder and combustion-cham her and is forced out through theexhaustports I and exhausto'alve l', Wliile the outer piston-head lperforms a like function in respect of passage d and draws air into thesn me through air-valve casing l, such air being used Vtor admixturewith gas or vapor, as hcroinbofore set forth.

'lhe engine-frame or bed-plate i? contains `the vaporizer. and itsoperation is as follows:

Vv'hen the large end oi the piston li travels forward, it drawsatmospheric air in through the air-valve l, down through the pines P l",

and after the air has pcrcolaied through the Miter-bed in the box R itis drawn through the outlet pipe ci, as a saturated gms or vapor, intothe throttie-valve, whore it mixes with hc hoi. nir, before described.

The Vitpmier is shown in lfig. i as i"orined j in the hed-platin but itmay be n separate chamber, if desirable.

lho operation oi' the motors, as heroin described, in conjunction with avaporizer, can bc performed in a similar manner without-a vapor-incr,where the usc of coal or other prepared hydrocarbon gas is preferred.

llafing thus described my invention, what. lclnim asnou therein, anddosircto secure by l'iottlfrs lnicnt, is-H l. ln a t wincylinder motorcomprising parallel o jflinders having diil'ercnt interior diarnet ors,pistons having corresponding heads, the valve cnsings (i und Gcontaining each a circoli, yah e, the Valve casing 11 divided into twochu :obers cach containing a cheek val\ e, thtl pipes li und lconnecting the valve casings tl and il" with thrchambers in casing E on'the outlet side oi' tinx valves therein, ducts connecting the larger oftho cylinders with said casing li on the inlet side of its valves, themain :uiniission or throttle valve casing, and valved passagesconnecting the larger end of the cylinders with the outlet side of saidcasing whereby a charge of explosive fluid supplied to the larger end ofone cylinder is forced into the smaller end of the other, suhstantinllyap` and for the purpose sets'forth.

y:3. A gas or vapor motor comprising a cyl-l Awith said annular passage,a gas or vapor supply pipe connected with said inlet of the Ithrottlevalve easing, and a suction device adapted to draw the air from saidannular passage into the throttle valve casing, for the purpose setforth.

3. A gas or vapor motor comprising a cylinder of diii'crent interiordiameters, a piston provided with heads fitting the dilerent cylinderdiameters, an annular passage encompassing the portion of leastdiameter, ports con nec-ting the said passage with the interior of thecylinder, and an exhaust valve easing whose inlet is oonneetediwith saidannular passage, forY the purpose set forth.

4. A gas or vapor motor comprising a cylinder provided with two valvecontrolled air passages and a passage for motive fluid, said passagesencompassing the combustion el1am/ bezuof the cylinder, ports connectingone of the air passages and the motive uid passage with said chamber,and an exhaust Valve casing in communication with the combustion chamberthrough one of said ainpassages and its ports, in combination with acasing for a distributing valve having its inlet connected with theother air passages and with a source l of? gas or vapor supply, and asuction and forcing device adapted to dra-W nir from said air passageand, gas or vapor from its supply pas 4e into the distributing valveeasing and from the same into the combustion chamber of the cylinder,for the purpose set forth.

5. In a gas or vapor motor, a cylinder of liree interior diameters, oneend only being closed, and a piston having three heads fitting thedifferent diameters of the cylinder, the body of the piston between itsheads being of less diameter than the cylinder portion er portions inwhich it Works, whereby ann ular chambers are formed about said pistonbetween its heads; in combination with air admission valve, a. spent gasexhaust valve, and passages leading therefrom to the explosion chamberof the cylinder, a passage for conducting air admitted to said chamber'to that between the forward and intermediate heads of the piston, a mainadmissior valve in communication with the chamber last referred to, asecond passage leading therefrom to the explosive chamber of thecylinder, and a choc-li valve in said passage, substantially as and' forthe purpose set forth.

G. A gas or vapor motor comprising a cylinder provided with an annularvalve controlled air passage encompassing the coinhustion chamberthereof, a vapor producer, and a casing for a distributing valve theinlet whereof is connected with said air passage IIO and mpor producerrespectively, in combination with emotion mul forcing; derive adapted tosimultaneouslydraw nir from. the air space and vapor from the Vaporproducer into the inlet of the valve easing'and force the mixture intotheomousti'on chamber of the eylinclerJ for the purpose set forth,

7. A hydrocarbon' motor comprising a cyl hitler provided with air and,motivey fluid pasl` 'sages @Roompot-)oi ng thofomlmstion chamberthereof, and with a valve controlled exhaust and :i casing for a.throttle or distributing valve lthe inlet of which is in eoinmunioatiouWith the vapor producer and the aforesaid air spoot), in combination with a motor piston ada-pied to perform the function of suction l and.force plunger and draw air from said air space and vaporfrom thevuporizor into thrthrottle 'valve eaeing,r and force. the saine into thecombustion chamber of the tfylinder, for the purpose set forth.

8. In ahydrocarbon motor, the combination with the piston cylinderprovided with mi air passage encompassing the some, an air inlet'valvein communiention with said, passage, a throttle valve ooimectedwiththe latter and with the combustion elizrnher of said cylinder, and avapor producer eonneoted with the throttle valve and providedv with anair inlet valve, of a piston adapted during recipvrocation to draw :tcharge of hot `wir from the JOHN EDWARD FRIEND.

Witnesses:

WALTER SMYTHE BAYSTON. WALTER CHARLES HART.

